OSI Layers

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linked list

Real-world applications of linked list Linked lists have many practical applications in the real world. Here are a few examples: Text editors: Text editors often use linked lists to implement their undo/redo functionality. A new node indicating the state of the document at that point is added to the linked list each time a modification is made to the text. The text editor simply moves to the relevant node in the linked list when a user undoes or redoes an action. Internet: When you visit a website, your browser often sends multiple requests to the server for different resources. These requests are typically managed by a linked list data structure that keeps track of the order in which the resources are requested and received. Operating systems : Linked lists are used in operating systems to manage various system resources such as memory, processes, and file systems. For example, linked list stores the process control block for each process in an operating system, allowing the op...
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Subnetting Related Math

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In the IP address "10.0.0.0/16," the "/16" is a notation used to specify the subnet mask or prefix length of the IP address. It's also referred to as CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) notation. In CIDR notation, the number after the forward slash ("/") represents the number of bits that are used for the network portion of the IP address. In this case, "/16" indicates that the first 16 bits of the IP address are used for the network, and the remaining 32 - 16 = 16 bits are available for host addresses within that network. To break it down further: The IP address "10.0.0.0" is the network address. The "/16" means that the subnet mask is "255.255.0.0" in dotted-decimal notation. In binary, this is "11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000," which signifies that the first 16 bits are network bits, and the last 16 bits can be used for host addresses. So, with a "/16" subnet mask, you can have up ...
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