Pros and cons of all features in OOP?

Object-oriented programming (OOP) has several features, each with its own set of pros and cons. Here's a brief overview: Encapsulation: Pros: Improved security by controlling access to data. Easier maintenance and modification of code due to clearly defined interfaces. Implementation details are hidden, reducing complexity for users of the class. Cons: Can lead to increased complexity in certain scenarios. Overuse of encapsulation might make the system less flexible. =============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================== Inheritance: Pros: Code reusability, as existing classes can be extended to create new ones. Promotes the organization and structure of code. Cons: Can lead to a complex hierarchy and potential confusion. Changes in the base class can affect derived classes, creating maintenance challenges. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Polymorphism: Pros: Enables code to work with objects of various types through a common interface. Enhances flexibility and extensibility. Cons: Can introduce complexity if not used judiciously. Overuse of polymorphism might make code harder to understand. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstraction: Pros: Simplifies complex systems by modeling classes appropriate to the problem. Focuses on essential properties and behaviors while ignoring non-essential details. Cons: May result in a level of abstraction that makes it challenging to connect to real-world scenarios. Abstractions may need to be updated as the system evolves.